AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO AIDS AND RELATED PROBLEMS

by Ching-Chee Chan, Ph.D.

Copyright Reserved, Egret Publishing Inc., 1992

Shortened Version, Copyright Reserved, August 1998

Egret Publishing Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

Chapter 1

Introduction

A hypothesis, proposed by Chan, ^1-3 may be stated in the following form. Hansen's bacillus, which is known to attack muscle, nerve, bone, and skin tissues, and the immune systems of humans, underwent some changes in the early 1960s. A modified version of this bacillus, thus produced, is now attacking humans and the lifestyles and living conditions of its victims activate then accelerate the development of the disease known as AIDS to a level detectable by present technology.

Chapter 2

Cause of AIDS

A graphical method is proposed to test the hypothesis.¹ This method is widely used in chemical kinetics.

Statistical Results

Variations in the number of deaths per year for various diseases (see Table 2.1) fall into four main groups. Group A: the number of deaths remains constant or increases very slowly with years until a certain year, then increases suddenly and rapidly. Group B: the number of deaths increases with years, then at some point this increases even faster; obviously a new variable is superimposed upon an older one. Group C: the number of deaths varies erratically with a general upward trend and the earliest death found in the record of Statistics Canada is around the late 50s and early 60s. Group D: the disease shows very few deaths per year, e.g.juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, malaise and fatigue, with no perceptible trend.

With appropriate adjustments, the critical years reflect rises in incidence rates in the early 1960s. Since the 60s, quite a few "new" diseases have been discovered (see Table 2.2). All this could be purely coincidental and individually explained as unrelated events. On the other hand, the data can be correlated and explained as a whole by means of the hypothesis.

The total characteristics of Hansen's disease correspond approximately to the combined symptoms of AIDS and of the various diseases listed in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. The possibility that this correlation to be purely coincidental is rather remote.

If the number of the infected is treated as a constant (because the number is large), the number of new cases does not depend on new infections but on development of AIDS. Development may have become a determining factor.

Table 2.1

Number of deaths in Canada per Year

(Results based on data from Statistics Canada. Causes of Death, Catalogue 84-514, 84-519, 84-203. Data covering the period from 1950 to 1986)

A: INT.LIST is a reference number for a particular disease or a group of diseases.

B: Cause of death: disease.

C: Manner of variation.

D: % Change in number of deaths per year due to a disease or group of diseases.

E: % Change in population of Canada, based on data from Annual Vital Statistics 1970, Statistics Canada, Catalogue 84-202, and Cause of Death, Catalogue 84-203, 1965-1986.

F: Period in which estimated incidence rate starts to rise.

A	304, 305, 290	202	527.1	190, 172
B	senile and presenile dementia	neoplasms and other diseases of lymphoid hisstiocytic tissue	emphysema	malignant melanoma of the skin
C	little variation (1952-1974), steep and steady rise (1974-1986)	rising very slightly (1952-1967), steep and steady rise (1967-1986)	steep rise (1950-1968),* a sharp bend upwards (1961)	steep rise (1952-1986), with a sharp bend upwards (1967)
D	+471 (1974-1986)	+1075 (1967-1986)	+45** (1961-1968)	+85** (1967-1986)
E	+12.8 (1974-1986)	+24.0 (1967-1986)	+14.3 (1961-1968)	+22.0 (1967-1986)
F	early 1960s	early 1960s	late 1950s	early 1960s

* change in reporting after 1968; data after this year not considered

** estimated change attributed to the new variable

#change in reporting after 1978: data after this year not considered

*estimated change attributed to the new variable

**year in which the earliest recorded death is found

Table 2.2

"New" diseases discovered in past thirty years

Chapter 3

Observed Facts

In underdeveloped countries, male/female AIDS ratio is about 1/1, indicating an equal opportunity factor such as living conditions. In developed countries, AIDS among males is more prevalent, indicating certain lifestyle dependence. If the hypothesis is accepted, HIV is a by-product of AIDS and may be used as an indicator.

Chapter 4

Course of Action

If thalidomide (and /or long-acting sulphones) were tried on AIDS patients, it would not take very long to prove or disprove the hypothesis.

Chapter 5

Related Problems

Some of those infected may have immune systems that fight the disease successfully to a stalemate, and they will remain free of the symptoms. Those with special lifestyles or poor nourishment and living conditions may find the development of the disease accelerating and get full-blown AIDS. The rest may get all kind of disorders or diseases listed previously. This will correspond to the phenomenal increases of those diseases.

Chapter 6

Number of People Actually Infected

The estimate of 8% for total number of people infected is on the low side, because not everything can be taken into account at this stage.

Chapter 7

To Test or not to Test

Negative results may not mean they are uninfected. Positive results will cause anguish. This may accelerate the development of the disease.

Chapter 8

Who Infected Whom?

Chapter 9

Needle Exchange Programmes and Drug

Clean living is "cool" and drugs are not.

Chapter 10

Attitude of the Public

Chapter 11

HIV Fixation

Chapter 12

What next?

The disease is not that dangerous as long as it is not activated.

Chapter 13

A New Branch of Science

Many people with minor problems are to be treated with a new branch of science.

Chapter 14

Major Changes in Past Thirty Years

Chapter 15

Conclusion

What we call AIDS is only the tip of the iceberg.

Epilogue

In the late 1960s, I suspected something unusual was going on. I broached the subject in my letter to the minister of national Health and Welfare in 1971.

References

1-24.

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO AIDS AND RELATED PROBLEMS: BOOK 2

by Ching-Chee Chan, Ph.D.

Copyright Reserved, Egret Publishing Inc. 1996

Published by Egret Publishing Inc.

16-1375 Southdown Road, Suite #208, Mississauga, Ontario, L5J 2Z1

Canada

Shortened Version, Copyright Reserved, August 1998

Preface

A manuscript of mine was accepted by an AIDS journal for publication but it was not published as promised because it was considered to be too controversial. The manuscript is reproduced here in Chapter 2: Cause of AIDS. It seems the right to free speech is reserved for the famous and powerful.

Chapter 1

Introduction

In Book 1 (published in 1992), Chan proposed trials of thalidomide on AIDS patients. Now thalidomide has turned out to be the most effective treatment of AIDS.

Chapter 2

Cause of AIDS

There are many cases of HIV-negative AIDS.^17-31 This is ignored by proponents of the HIV hypothesis. If V.D. alone can cause AIDS, it would have appeared in Tibet before 1950. If drugs and malnutrition can cause AIDS, it would have appeared in occupied part of China during the second world war.

Activation Mechanism:- How the Disease, AIDS as we know it, Develops

AIDS patients frequently have many symptoms parallel to those of Hansen's disease (for comparison, see Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.3). Various types of Hansen's disease can downgrade to lepromatous Hansen's disease. Chemotherapy, or intercurrent infection, mental or physical stress may precipitate ENL (erythema nodosum leprosum): fever, arthralgia, neuritis may result.³⁹

Malnutrition, drug misuse (both medical and non-medical), dangerous behaviour, and opportunistic or intercurrent infection such as V.D. are capable of downgrading the disease to lepromatous Hansen's disease and precipitating ENL. Erythema nodosum, commonly due to lepromatous Hansen's disease, is often preceded or accompanied by fever, malaise, fatigue, loss of weight, and arthralgia.⁴² As intercurrent infections or misuse of drugs activates ENL, the conditions of the patient continue to deteriorate until the immune system is compromised to the extent that the patient can be infected by HIV. The disease then proceeds to full-blown AIDS with or without HIV. Some symptoms of AIDS correspond to the characteristics of ENL (see Table 2.3). If these symptoms of AIDS are actually ENL, then thalidomide would bring some initial relief or benefits, because it is the drug currently used to treat ENL. This is indeed so.

Haemophiliacs suffer from infected joints, liver disfunction and various pains. These are traumatic enough to activate ENL and proceed to AIDS.

A high proportion of Haitians with AIDS also develop tuberculosis.^67-69 Most of the tuberculosis cases associated with AIDS among Haitians are extrapulmonary and precede the syndrome by 1 to 17 months.⁷⁰ Unlike other intercurrent infections, tuberculosis by itself can cause death. Tuberculosis and V.D. especially syphilis can activate ENL and cause the syndrome to proceed to full-blown AIDS.

In the case of children, congenital defects may be a factor and their mothers' lifestyles during pregnancy should be noted.

The mosquito attacks at random regardless of the age or sex of its victims. If malaria plays a prominent role as an intercurrent infection in the development of AIDS (see ENL and mechanism) in Subsaharan Africa, this would explain the fact that the ratio of male to female AIDS cases is approximately 1:1. It also explains the fact that children with AIDS born to mothers who are not drug users.

Biggar and co-workers report that the areas of high incidence of HTLV-III antibody in Kenya were generally those with a high malaria parasitaemia prevalence.^{76, 77} In this case, HTLV-III (HIV) probably serves as a marker indicating the status of the immune system after malaria, an intercurrent infection, activating ENL and causing the disease to proceed to AIDS.

Drug Trials

Dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulphone), rifampin, clofazimine, etc. are currently used in treating Hansen's disease.³⁹ A derivative of rifampin, benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, many times more powerful that rifampin is being investigated.⁷⁸

TABLE 2.1 COMPARISON BETWEEN AIDS AND HANSEN'S DISEASE

TABLE 2.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN AIDS AND HANSEN'S DISEASE

TABLE 2.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN SOME SYMPTOMS RELATED TO AIDS AND ENL

Addendum (late information): for testicular parts of the spectrum of AIDS, see Other Immune Disorders.

Chapter 3

Other Immune Disorders

As shown previously, ENL activated constantly, persistently, frequently by dangerous behaviour, drug use, intercurrent infection and stress may lead to AIDS. Other problems can also be activated by occasional infections of bacteria, viruses, stress, poor living conditions and chemicals. Problems can also occur spontaneously.

Infection-Activated

Necrotizing Fasciitis or the Flesh-Eating Disease

There has been a resurgence of the disease. The variation pattern fits the general trend. Blood vessels are always involved. Intercurrent infection may be just incidental. ENL can lead to vasculitis.

Lyme Disease

The appearance time (1970s) fits the pattern. The infection due to an insect bite may be sufficient to activate ENL. The symptoms are similar to those of ENL.

Chemical-Vaccine-Activated

Gulf War Syndrome

The syndrome may be a mild version of ENL, activated by the chemical cocktail.

No Known Activation by Chemical or Intercurrent Infection

Musculo-skeletal and Connective Tissue Diseases (Idiopathic Diseases): Fibromyalgia, Crohn's Disease, Arthritis, Systemic Lupus erythematosous (SLE), Osteoporosis, Sclerodermas, Multiple Sclerosis, Vasculitis,

All these are suspected to be related. Several of these diseases can occur on the same patient. The variation patterns are similar and fit the general pattern.

Asthma

The prevalence of asthma in Finnish young men, candidates for military conscription, (graph of prevalence versus years, 1926-1989)¹⁶⁰ does not vary significantly from 1926 to 1938. No data are available for the years between 1939 and 1960. It starts to rise in 1961 and then rises steeply. The increase (from 1961 to 1989) is about 1750%. If the peak value (1988) is taken, the increase (1961 to 1988) would be 2263%. The curve fits the postulated time frame in the hypothesis.^{32-34, 38} Under similar circumstances, ENL can be precipitated. Hansen's bacteria may not be able to multiply in the lunges presumably the temperature is at 37⁰C but their antigens may be able to get there.

POEMS Syndrome and Others

POEMS is a multisystemic disorder first described in 1968. It is frequently associated with polyneuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin changes, and endocrine disfunction including diabetes mellitus, amenorrhea in females and gynaecomastia and impotence in males.^{162, 163}

There is a dramatic rise in diabetes in the past 40 years.

Testicular atrophy, endocrine abnormalities, opportunistic testicular and paratesticular infections, and testicular neoplasms: decrease in spermatogenesis, vasculitis, oedema, areas of haemorrhage, necrosis, and lymphoid infiltration, endocrine disorder, decreased libido and impotence, gyaecomastia are reported as part of the spectrum of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.⁹⁵ The testes of the human male are the favourite targets of Hansen's bacterium because they are normally at a temperature slightly below 37⁰C.

Cancer (Skin, Testis and Breast) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

There are dramatic increases in all these cancers in the past 35 years. If one group of NHL (ICD-9, 202) is considered alone, the increase in incidence is even more phenomenal. According to data from Cancer in Canada (1970-1991),¹⁶⁹ the incidence increased by 1013% while the population increased by 27.7%. The skin and testis are known to be the favourite targets of Hansen's bacterium because they at temperatures slightly below 37⁰C. The breast of human female is outside the chest; it is reasonable to assume it is at a temperature slightly below 37⁰C. The lymphatic system is one of the favourite targets of the bacterium.

Hansen's disease may also lead to malignant transformation.¹⁷⁴

These new syndromes or changes in old diseases were noted within the past 35 years. The timing also fits the general time frame postulated in the hypothesis. Most of the syndromes correspond to those of Hansen's disease. Some do not, but the spectrum of Hansen's disease may not be completely known.

Thalidomide has been tried on many disorders or diseases above and found to be effective. This is consistent with the suspicion that these are actually ENL.

In this work, the time factor or variation patterns link all these apparently unrelated facts together with a modified version of Hansen's bacterium. The graphical presentation of the data (see asthma above) is a very convincing indication that 1961 is the year of change of prevalence; that means whatever caused this must have occurred before 1961. Perhaps the hypothesis ^{32-34, 38} should be modified slightly; the critical time of the putative changes undergone by Hansen's bacterium should be more precisely set at 1960 instead of the early 1960s.

Chapter 4

Neurological Diseases

There are no data found for the number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease before 1979, but the data (from 1979 to 1993) shows a phenomenal increase, 3250%. For the number of deaths due to Parkinson's disease, there is no definite increase from 1950 to 1978, but from 1978 to 1993 the increase is 231.2%. For the number of deaths due to motor neurone disease, the data (from 1950 to 1965) is rather erratic and shows a slight increase. From 1970 to 1993 the increase is 232.5%. ENL and TNF- (tumour necrosis factor alpha) are suspected to be the cause (see also Chapter 6 Implication).

Chapter 5

Relationship Between This Hypothesis and Others

There are no major conflicts between this hypothesis and other hypotheses, if HIV is treated as an indicator. Most of these hypotheses describe specific conditions of the ENL mechanism.

Special sexual orientation and AIDS are merely co-incidental. No more aggressive treatments reduce the chance of iatrogenic ENL and hence the number of iatrogenic deaths. ENL-related deaths are further reduced by thalidomide treatment.

Chapter 6

Implication

The traditional form of Hansen's disease disappeared in Europe near the time of the industrial revolution when the living conditions began to improve. The present living conditions of the third world are close to those of Europe during the industrial revolution. This may explain the decline of the traditional form of Hansen's disease in the third world. The spectrum of Hansen's disease may not be completely known.

Table 6.1 Hypothetical Spectrum of Hansen's Disease

Early treatments may result in premature ENL which has symptoms similar to those of cancer or the symptoms of ENL may have been incorporated as parts of the symptoms of cancer.

There are many bacteria and viruses associated with Hansen's bacterium. These are now acting as decoys causing the scientific community to waste more time and money, at the same time misleading the public.

Chapter 7

Fear

AIDS or Hansen's disease is not very dangerous if left alone. Some of the treatments are more dangerous than the disease.

Chapter 8

What Next?

Detection of the bacterium by PCR, malaria, tuberculosis, V.D. and drug use are the priorities.

Epilogue

When a hypothesis is first proposed, it always sounds bizarre and ridiculous.

References

1-204.

Dear Readers,

The shortened versions of the booklets can only give you the essential points of the subject. You will find many gaps. The subject is more fully explained in the printed booklets which contain the original versions with references. For information about the printed booklets, please click "Catalogue." If you have any question, please e-mail me.

C. C. Chan, Ph.D.

EGRET PUBLISHING INC.

e-mail: egretinc@idirect.com

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