1347-1351 the Plague of Black Death kills an estimated 75 Million people

1495    In Europe a Syphilis epidemic spreads

1540    With Papal approval the Jesuits (Society of Jesus)is estalished by
        spaniard  Ignatius Loyal

1566    Typhiod Fever kill millions in South America

1569    Carbuncular Fever Epidemic kills 35,000 in Lisbon Spain

1573    Pacific Ocean viewed for first time by Francis Drake
        Michelangelo da Caravaggio (Italian Painter) Born

1575    Populations Paris France 300,000, London England 180,000
        Frobisher Bay Canada discovered by Martin Frobisher

1577    Head of Huguenot party = Henry of Navarre

1579    California is claimed for Britain by France Drake

1580    London England has an Earthquake

1587    Mary Queen of Scots execution
        First baby born in America by English parents
        by the name Virgina DARE

1588    In Rome Itay the Vatican Library is opened.
        Bible translated into Welsh by William Morgan.
        Forks used for First time in France.

1591    Elizabeth I founds Trinity College, Dublin Ireland

1593    15,000 killed by Plague in London England
        Pompeii ruins discovered in Itay.

1594    William Shakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet
        Heels apear on shoes.

1595    Henry IV of France declares war on Spain

1597    An Act of English Parliment for Convicted criminals to be send to colonies.

1599    William Shakespeare writes Hamlet.
        Plague in Spain-

1600    Population France 16 mil, England and Ireland 5.5 mil ,Germany 14.5 mil, Spain 8 mil

1602    Spanish Army lands in Ireland
        War between Turkey and Persia

1603    Queen Elizabeth I dies succeeded by James VI of
        Scotland is called James I of England and Ireland
        Large plague breaks out in England
        Looking for a route to China, Samuel de Champlain explores
        St Lawrence River(Canada/US) .


1605    Port Royal (Nova Scotia, Canada) is founded by Sammuel de Champlain  Suier de Monts
        and Pierre du Gue. Its te first capital of Acadia.

1607    First European settlement in America at Jamestown, Virgina

1608    Quebec City (Canada) is founded by Samuel de Champlain

1609    Twelve year truce between Spain and Holland
        First checks used in Holland
        Henry Hudson explores New York harbour and
        Hudson River.
        Upper state New York is explored by Samual de Champlain
        A settlement is made by Spaniards at Santa Fe, New Mexico (US)

1610    Henry IV of France dies and his son age 9
        -Louis XIII take the throne.
        Henry Hudson discovers Hudsonbay Canada
        Galilio observes the planet Jupiter

1611    King James Bible Published

1612    Shakespeare writes Henry VIII
        Artist Rubens paints The Conversion of St. Bavon
        Henry ,Prince of Wales dies.

1613    Port Royal a French settlement in Nova Scotia (Canada) is
        destroyed by English from Virgina, thus preventing colonization
        of Maryland and Maine (US) by french.
        Hungary is invaded by Turkey

1616    Portuguese Fleet at Bombay India is defeated by English
        Sir Walter Raleigh goes in search of El Dorado
        War between Austria and Venice
        William Shakespeare dies
        At Antwerp Belguim the Notre Dame Cathedral is completed.
        Artist Van Dyck paints A Study of Four Negro Heads.
        Samuel de Champlain explores Lakes Ontario and Huron (Canada/US)

1618    Upon returning to England Sir Walter Raleigh is executed.
        
1619    First Black slaves arrive at Jamestown, Virgina.

1620    Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth, Massachusetts
        War between Sweden and Poland

1621    Hugenot rebellion in France against Louis XIII
        Francis  Bacon is imprisioned for corruption
        then pardoned by King.
        Truce of twelve years between Holland and Spain ends.
        In Germany Potatos planted for first time.
        Colonization is attemped in Newfoundland and
        Nova Scotia (Canada) by English.

1623    New Netherlands (New York) is founded by Dutch

1624    England delcares war on Spain

1625    James I of England dies, Charles I becomes King.
        First English settlement in Barbados by Sir William
        Courteen.
        Richard Cromwell of England born.
        Frances Bacon dies.
        In Quebec first Jesuits arrive

1626    Manhatten Island is bought from Native Americans
        by Peter Minuit.

1627    War between Britain and France

1639    First Printing Press in North America at Cambridge,Mass

1642    Montreal Canada founded by Sieur de Maisonneuve.
        Fort Richelieu is buit by French to protect Montreal
        English Civil War


1663    A New Jersy colony is settled by Sir William
        Berkley and Sir George Carteret.
        Carolinas (US) are founded.

1664    New Netherlands are captured by British

1673    Fort Frontenac (Kingston Ontario )is started by Robert de Cavelier.
        New Amsterdam (New York) is retaken from British by Dutch.

1674    Treaty of Westminster restores New Netherlands  (New York)
        from Dutch hands to British colony.

1675    Louis Hennepin a Belgian explorer discover the
        source of Mississippi river and finds Niagara Falls.

1682    Pennsylvania founded by William Penn.

1687    Fort Niagara is built by de Troy and a garrison on Senecas land.

1688    Pennsylanvia Quakers protest slavery
        Governor Devon has Fort Niagara distroyed and abandoned because of
        Iroquois demands.

1689    War between France and Britain (King Williams War 1689-1697)
        Fort Frontenac abandoned
        Fort New Severn on Hudsonbay surrendered by Iberville to British

1692    Witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts  19 people executed.
        Fort Nelson rebuilt and Fort Albany recaptured by Hudson Bay Company.


1707    England and Scotland join union to create Great Britain

1713    Spain agrees to give Gibraltar to Great Britain

1715    Jacobite rebellion in Scotland under Earl of Mar. James III
        arrives from France at Peterhead

1719    Daniel Defoe writes Robinson Crusoe
        Dec 22. First Newspaper in Pennsylvania printed
        "The American Weekly Mercury" by Andrew Bradford

1725    Nov 16. First Newspaper printed in New York , "The
        New york Gazette by William Bradford

1727    Fort Oswego built on Southern Lake Ontario by Governor
        Burnet of New York to attract Indian trade away from
        Fort Niagara.(Youngstown NY)

1732    James Oglethorpe founds Georgia
        Poor Richards Almanca published by Benjamin Franklin

1738    Evangelical activaties that will lead to development
        independent Methodist Church, are started by brothers
        John and Charles Wesley in England.


1745    Charles Edward Stuart (Scotland) lands at Erisbay Island and
        defeats English army at Prestonpaus, advances south to Derby
        then fourced to retreat

1746    "Bonnie Prince Charlie" "the Young Pretender" Charles Edward
        Stuart is defeated at Culloden

1749    French build Fort Rouille (today Toronto Ontario)

1752    Britain and her colonies make changes to calander when
        September 2nd was followed by September 14 and New Year's
        Day was changed from March 25 to January 1.


1754    Seven Year War (French and Indian War) begins.

1755    Battle of Lake George (French-Sept 8)
        De Lotbiniere builds Fort Carillion
        Fort William Henry (Lake George N.Y) built by British, the
        fort was burned by Fr.Gen. Montcalm.


1756    Fort Oswego destroyed by Fr. General Montcalm
        Fort Bull (Rome N.Y) attacked and burned by French
        After fall of Fort Oswego ,Fort Edward (Fort Edward N.Y)
        is abandon and burnt.

1758    British capture Louisburg

1759    Gen. Wolf lands at Quecbec city with 8,000 troops and 168 ship
        lead by Admiral Charles Saunders. Battle of the Plains of Abraham,
        Sept 13, 4,000 British Regulars lead by Gen. Wolf
        Defeat French Gen. Montcalm. Both leaders die.
        British capture Niagara
        British Lord Amherst captures Fort Carillion (Fort Ticonderoga)
        Sir John Johnson builds Fort Stanwix, which is in ruin by 1775
        then rebuilt by American (Rome N.Y.)
        Fort Oswego rebuilt by Br. Haldimand and renamed Fort Ontario
        French abandon Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point N.Y.)
        Scottish  Poet Robert Burns born

1760    King George the Third come to throne of England after
        the death of his GrandfatherGeorge II
        British capture Montreal (Sept.)

1763    Seven Year War ends with Peace of Paris,France gives up all lands in North
        America except islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon and part of
        Louisiana. And keep fishing rights on the Grand banks.

1764    Fort Erie is built on the Niagara River opposite Buffalo by
        Captain John Montressor.

1767    James Cook explores East coast of Australia

1775    American Revolution begins.

1777    Marquis de La Fayette age 19- leaves France to join Americans in
        the war.
        Battle of Oriskany (Mohawk Valley. NY) "One of the bloodest
        battle of the American Revolution" Troops led by Sir John Johnson
        Col John Butler,Joseph Brants Mohawks against General Herkimer.
        June. British Navel blockade of Charleston- Charleston surrenders

1780    Battle of Stone Arabia (Mohawk Valley N.Y -Oct 19), Cammander
        John Johnson KRRNY , 8th Reg't, 34th Reg't, Butler's Rangers,
        Yeger's Riflemen, 700 indians under Joseph Brant against
        Col John Brown with 340 men from New York and Massachuett levies,
        Tryon County Militia and Rangers from Fort Paris.
        Battle at Camden between Amer. Gen  Gate and British Cornwallis

1781    Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders Yorktown VA.

1782    Lunenburg (Nova Scotia) is attacked by Americans

1783    American Revolutionary War ends- Treaty of Paris
        Loyalists numbering close to 30,000 leave United States
        for Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

1785    British military group Butler's Ranger is disbanded-
        most people settle in Niagara Region

1787    New Jersey becomes 3d State
        Drought in Upper Canada

1788    Georgia becomes 4th state

1789    French Revolution
        George Washington Elected first President of US.

1790    Benjamin Franklin dies.

1793    Execution of King Louis XVI in France
        Execution of Marie Antonette

1794    US Navy setup.

1796    Spain declares war on Britain

1798    Emigration to Canada starts for Irish

1799    George Washington dies.
        In Egypt the Rosetta Stone is found.
        Beethoven writes Symphony #1 in C major.

1804    Coronation of Napoleon

1806    Battle of Trafalger -Br. Adm H. Nelson killed

1808    Napoleon II invades Spain and occupies Rome

1809    Abraham Lincoln 16th President of US born.
        James Madison becomes 4th President of US.
        Napoleon II divorces Josephine
        Charles Darwin born.
        Edgar Allen Poe born.
        Felix Mendelssohn-German Composer born.

1811    Austria goes bankrupt.
        Hungarian composer Franz Liszt born (dies 1886)

1812    US declares war on Britain (War of 1812)
        Napoleon enters Russia.
        Symphonies No.7 (Op.92) and No. 8 (Op.93) written by Beethoven.
        Fort Ontario (Oswego) captured by Drummond and Yeo.
        49th Regiment garrisoned at Fort Erie.

1813    (Apr. 27) American General Zebulon Pike attacks York,
        capital of Upper Canada.
        (June 5-6) Battle of Stoney Creek American Brigadiers, William Winder and
        John Chandler defeated by British General Vincent and Col. John Harvey.
        Americans retreat to Forty Mile Creek.

        British Colonel Murray captures Fort Niagara

        Fort Wellington built by British at Prescott, Ontario.
        Fort Erie abandoned by British after Americans captured Fort George.

        (Nov)American General James Wilkinson join forces with General Hampton
        and with 8,000 men attack Montreal.

        Battle of Crysler's Farm (Nov.11) Col. Joseph Morrison's regulars
        and Canadians defeat Americans, Brigadiers Boyd and Brown.

1814    (July 25) Battle of Lundy's Lane. With boths sides claiming heavy
        losses British and Canadian forces under General Gordon Drummond
        claim victory when Americans under General Jacob Brown retreat.

        Fort Erie reoccupied by a British garrison of 150 men, then captured
        by Americans in July. Abandoned and blown up by Amer. Gen Izard in Nov.

        War of 1812 ends with the Treaty of Ghent,Dec 24 

1815    Battle of New Orleans. Americans defeat British before hearing news of
        Peace.
        Battle of Waterloo -

1818    The 49th parallel is agreed upon as border
        between Canada and US.
        Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly writes Frankenstein

1819    Alabama becomes 22d State
        First Steamship goes up Ottawa River to Hull
         (from Pioneer Settlements pg 20)

1820    King George III of England dies
        There was 582 newspapers being printed across the US

1821    Napoleon dies

1828    French Author Jules Verne born.
        Russia declares War on Turkey

1833    Welland Canal finished to Port Colborne.
        Cholera epidemic in Toronto (1833-34) kills 600 people

1834    York Ontario becomes City of Toronto

1835    Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) born

1838    Charles Dickens writes Oliver Twist

1845    Potato fame in Scotland
        Florida becomes 27th State

1846    US declares war on Mexico
        US take New Mexico from Mexico.
        1,645 Scottish come to Canada
        Potato famine in Ireland

1848    US-Mexican War ends with treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.and US gets
        Arizona,Utah, Califonia, Texas, New Mexico and parts of Wyoming
        and Colorado.

1849    California Gold rush.


1850    California becomes 31st State.

1854    France , Britain and Turkey declare war on Russia.
        Tennyson writes poem the "Charge of the Light Brigade" after the
        Battle at Balaklava Crimea (Russia).
        Oscar Wilde Irish Poet born

1856    Irish author George Bernard Shaw born
        France and Spain border defined.
        Victoria Cross award is founded Jan 29 by Royal Warrant from Queen
        Victoria, for Gallantry in the face of the enemy. The Crosses are
        cast from bronze of cannons captured at Sevastoplol during the
        the Crimean War. Todate 1,350 Victoria Cross have been awarded.
        The First Canadian born to to earn it was Lieutenant Alexander
        Roberts Dunn of the the 11th Hussars for his bravery during the
        the charge of the Light Brigade

1859    Origin of the Species is written by Charles Darwin.


1861    American Civil War begins
        Abe Lincoln becomes President of US

1862    Machine Gun is invented by Richard Jordan Gatling

1863    TNT is invented by J. Wilbrand

1865    American Civil War  ends 

1867    Canadian Confederation=
        Dynamite is invented by Alfred Nobel (who setup the Nobel Prize)
        United States buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million at
        two cents acre.

1870    Charles Dickens dies
        Robert E. Lee American Confedrate General dies

1871    Great fire of Chicago

1872    Jules Verne writes  Around the World in 80 Days
        Great fire of Boston (US)destroys 65 acres kills 13 firefighters

1873    The Typewriter is invented by Christopher Sholes
        Prince Edward Island joins Canadian Confederation
        North West Mounted Police is created. Later to become
         Royal Canadian Mounted Police


1875    Supreme Court of Canada created

1876    Mark Twain writes Adventures of Tom Sawyer
        Alexander Graham Bell invents the Telephone.
        Colorado becomes 38th State.



1881    Coca-Cola is invented by John Pemberton
        British Columbia joins Canada Confederation
        Gunfight at O.K. Corral
        Billy the Kid killed

1882    Jesse James killed

1883    Karl Marx dies
        Robert Louis Stevenson writes Treasure Island

1886    Fenian Raids in Niagara Peninsula and Eastern Townships
        In US Statue of Liberty is dedicated.

1870    Again Fenian Raids in Niagara Peninsula and Eastern Townships

1877    Orange Riots

1878    Quebec dock riots

1885    Smallpox Riots

1891    Zipper is invented by Whitcombe L. Judson
        Canadian creator of Insulin Frederick Banting born
	No lists were required for people entering the United States
        overland from Canada and Mexico until Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1891

1892    Ellis Island ( US) Immigration Station started operation 1892 to 1954.
        Lizzie Borden crime and trial.

1894    Rudyard Kipling writes The Jungle Book

1898    Spanish American War begins and ends.

1899    Troops returning from Spanish American War bring back Yellow Fever
        Author Ernest Hemingway born
        Tennesse Williams American dramatist born
        Johnstown flood
        Boer War starts between Britain and Boers (South Africians of Dutch extraction)

1900    Boxer uprising against Europeans in China
        Valleyfield strike 
        Hurricane in Galveston Texas kills 6000 people.


1903    Wright brother invent the Airplane
        Montreal dock riots 

1904    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle writes The Adventures of Sherloch Holmes
        Great fire of Toronto Ontario Canada

1905    Author Jules Verne dies
1906    Earthquake destroys San Francisco Cal. kills 452 people, 28,000 buildings.

1908    Model T Ford is built by Henry Ford

1909    Blood Group discovered by Karl Landsteiner
        US explorer Robert E Peary reaches the North Pole.

1910    Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) dies.
        Florence Nightingale dies.

1911    A Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reach South Pole.
        Machu Picchu ruins discovered by American Bingham in Peru.

1912    Arizona becomes 48th State
        The S.S. Titanic sinks killing 1,513 people.

1914    Bubonic plague in New Oleans
        World War I begins
        Author Edgar Rice Burroughs writes Tarzan of the Apes
        Tear Gas is invented by Dr. von Tappen

1916    Canadian Pariliament Buildings (Ottawa) destroyed in fire.
        Rationing and food shortages in Europe.

1917    Income Tax introduced in Canada as temporary wartime measure.
        John Fitzgerald Kennedy future US President born (Assassinated 1963)

1918    World War I ends
        Insulin is created by Charles H. Best and Fredrick Banting.

1919    Mackenzie King become Canadian Liberal Leader

1920    In United States Prohibition takes affect (18th Amendment).
        The 19th Amendment in US gives women the Vote.

1922    Canadian Northern Railway and Canadian Transcontinental
        Railway merge to form Canada National Railway (CNR)

1923    Grand Trunk Railway taken over by Canada Goverment

1925    Geneva Protocol becomes international law banning Chemical Warfare
        Tornado in south central United States kills 689 people.
        Women get the Right to vote in Newfoundland

1926    Queen Elizabeth II of England born.
        Winnie the Pooh is written by A.A. Milne

1927    BLACK Friday in Germany

1928    First Woman to fly across the Atlantic Amelia Earhart.
        Penicillin by Alexander Fleming (Scotland)

1929    BLACK Friday US Stock Exchange collapes Oct 26
        $26 billion lost.Begining of Great Depression.
        First Musical Mickey Mouse cartoons
        Gangster's St. Valentine's Day Massacre.

1931    Gangster Al Capone found guilty of Tax Evation.
        Inventor Thomas Edison dies.

1932    Population in US is 122 mil

1933    Television invented by Philo Farnsworth.
        Adolf Hitler appointed German Chancellor.
        First concentration camps built in Germany.
        First US Aircraft carrier called Ranger.
        President of US- Calvin Coolidge dies.
        Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes 32 President of US.
        Movie King Kong is released.

1934    Bank of Canada is created
        Machinegun Kelly captured.
        Bonnie and Clyde killed.
        Dillinger killed.
        Pretty Boy Floyd killed.
        Baby Face Nelson killed.


1936    Spanish Civil War begins
        King George V dies and succeeded by Edward VIII
        King Edward abdicates because of Mrs W. Simpson
        His brother George VI becomes King of England
        Floods in Johnstown PA

1937    May 6, German Zeppelin Hindenburg crashes at Lakehurst N.J
        kills 36 of 97 people

1938    Ballpoint Pen is invented by Ladislo J. and Gorge Biro

1939    Poland is invaded by Germany
        France and Britain declare war on Germany
        First experimental Helicopter built by Igor Sikorsky

1940    Author Ernest Hemingway writes For Whom the Bell Tolls

1941    Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (US)

1945    United States drops Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
        End of World War II in Europe May 8
        End of World War II with surrender of Japan August 14
        George Orwell (Eric Blair) writes 1984.
        Canada's First Nuclear plant opens at Chalk River Ontario

1946    W. C. Fields (William Claude Dukenfield) dies

1947    Henry Ford (US) car maker dies


1950    Korean War begins
        Irish author George Bernard Shaw dies

1952    CBC broadcasts Canada's first (part time) televison
        Smog in London England over four days kill near 4,000 people

1953    Korean War ends
        Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of England
        Stalin dies
        Measles vaccine by John F. Enders and Thomas Peebles
        
1954    Hurricane Hazel hits Toronto Ontario ,kills 83 people.
        First Canadian subway opens in Toronto

1956    USSR invades Hungry, Martial law declared

1957    Dr Seuss writes Cat in the Hat
        Polio vaccine by Albert B. Sabin
        Humphrey Bogart dies
        In China a great famine kills estimated 20 million people

1958    Fidel Castro's total war in Cuba
        First experimental Nuclear Power plant opens in US
        Alaska becomes 49th State

1959    Hawaii becomes 50th State.
        St. Lawrence Seaway opens.

1961    Author Ernest Hemingway dies.

1962    Telstar the first communication satellite is launched

1963    US President John F. Kennedy assasinated.

1964    Social Insurance Cards are issued in Canada.

1965    Canada replaces Union Jack with Mapleleaf as National flag

1966    Silent film comedian Buster Keaton dies
        CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) television goes colour.

1967    Expo 67 in Montreal for Canada's 100 birthday.
        Army, Navy, and Air Forces of Canada are merged into Canadian Armed Forces.

1968    Director Stanley Kubrick releases film 2001 A Space Odyssey


1969    First Man on Moon Neil Armstrong for US

1971    Intel Corp. creates first microprocessor for computers

1973    IBM creates "Winchester" hard drives for computer data storage

1974    US President Richard Nixon  resigns about Watergate Coverup

1975    End of 20 years of War for US in Vietnam
        Unemployment hits 9.2% in US highest since 1941

1976    Communist Leader of China Mao Tse-tung dies
        US author Alex Haley writes "Roots"

1977    George Lucas releases movie Star War
        Comedian Groucho Marx  dies
        Silent Actor, Director Charlie Chaplin dies
        Elvis Presley dies
        Microsoft Corp is founded

1978    First Test Tube Baby born

1979    100 US hostages taken in Iran

1980    Director Sir Alfred Hitchcock dies

1982    Compact (Audio) disc players released
        Microsoft introduces MS-DOS operating system


1984    Apple Computers introduces Macintosh computer

1986    Actor James Cagney  dies
        Actor Keenan Wynn dies
        Singer Rudy Vallee dies
        British Sculptor Henry Moore dies
        Filmaker Otto Preminger dies
        IBM introduces OS/2 computer operating system for "multitasking"

1987    Director John Huston dies

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