Welcome to Practice Test #2.
1. Understanding defensiveness can
help us
a) reduce defensiveness in ourselves.
b) work productively with defensiveness when we encounter it in others.
c) become better at utilizing defensive techniques.
d) a and b
e) all of the above
2. Psychological defensiveness
a) is never healthy.
b) can sometimes be used in a healthy way.
c) is good to use as often as possible.
d) is not as healthy as psychological offensiveness.
3. According to Freud, the most
significant part of a person's self is
a) the conscious level of the self.
b) the preconscious level of the self.
c) the unconscious level of the self.
d) none of the above since Freud said that all parts of the self are the most
significant.
4. According to Freud, psychic life
has three levels. These three levels are
a) the unconscious level, the preconscious level, and the postconscious level.
b) the lower consciousness level, the middle consciousness level, and the upper
consciousness level.
c) the unconscious level, the preconscious level, and the conscious level.
d) the childhood level, the adult level, and the later life level.
5. What is a primary ego defence
mechanism that makes all other defence mechanisms possible?
a) sublimation
b) projection
c) repression
d) denial
e) there are no primary defence mechanisms
6. Repressed memories can remain
active
a) in the conscious self.
b) in the unconscious.
c) in the preconscious.
d) in the collective unconscious.
7. Sarah planned to go to the warm
south for a winter vacation but the need to study for exams kept her from going.
"It's a good thing I didn't go south because it snowed there the week I was
planning to go," Sarah said later. This statement can be seen as an example
of
a) reaction formation.
b) sublimation.
c) projection.
d) rationalization.
e) displacement.
8. __________ occurs whenever an
instinctual impulse is redirected from a more threatening activity, person,
or object to a less threatening one.
a) Suppression
b) Sublimation
c) Reaction formation
d) Displacement
9. __________ is a psychological
defence mechanism unconsciously used to decrease anxiety by increasing feelings
of self-worth by taking on the characteristics of someone admired or considered
successful.
a) Sublimation
b) Displacement
c) Reaction formation
d) Identification
10. The defence mechanism of __________
involves going back to an earlier stage of development in order to alleviate
anxiety.
a) regression
b) sublimation
c) impression
d) reaction formation
11. Raj has been stuck in a traffic
jam for two hours. He begins to imagine that he is a super hero able to fly
out of the traffic jam. What type of desire gratification is Raj engaging in?
a) intellectualization
b) regression
c) fantasy formation
d) denial
e) sublimation
12. Chin has just found out that
her brother has been diagnosed with leukemia. "That must be a misdiagnosis,"
Chin says, "my brother is too young to get leukemia." This is an example of
which defence mechanism?
a) transference
b) rationalization
c) denial
d) regression
e) suppression
13. What is the only defensive strategy
used by the ego to divert instinctual impulses into something advantageous to
society?
a) reaction formation
b) denial
c) identification
d) fantasy formation
e) sublimation
14. Uri has just robbed a bank and
been caught. Instead of taking responsibility for this action, Uri says, "I
robbed the bank because I was raised in a society that glorifies money and material
possessions. I felt compelled to rob the bank so that I could buy a computer
and cruise the Internet like all of my friends." An explanation like this is
an appeal to __________ locus of control.
a) an internal
b) an external
c) a societal
d) a consumeristic
15. In Freud's theory of personality,
the __________ principle stated that the human mental apparatus seeks to achieve
a stimulus-free state.
a) pleasure
b) homeostasis
c) nirvana
d) libido
16. By __________ we can learn to
deal with our biological nature more effectively.
a) internalizing our urges
b) being more spontaneous
c) reducing our defensiveness
d) decreasing the amount of our selves under conscious control
17. __________ viewed human nature
as essentially good, not potentially evil and destructive.
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Wilder Penfield
c) Erin Healy
d) Abraham Maslow
18. At the __________ level of Maslow's
hierarchy of human needs people are most concerned with meeting their survival
or physiological needs.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
19. Once the most basic needs have
been met, __________ needs become prominent to assure that there is stability
in daily life.
a) cognitive
b) aesthetic
c) physiological
d) social needs for love and belonging
e) safety and security
f) esteem
g) self-actualization
20. In meeting __________ needs,
people seek to feel good about themselves.
a) cognitive
b) aesthetic
c) physiological
d) social needs for love and belonging
e) safety and security
f) esteem
g) self-actualization
21. Self-actualizers do not live
their lives preoccupied with reducing tensions or rectifying deficits.
True False
22. Pavlov's research taught us that many of the behaviours that we might think of as automatic or spontaneous, are actually learned. T F
23. A __________ is any stimulus
whose application increases the likelihood that a behaviour will occur in the
future.
a) negative reinforcer
b) neutral stimulus
c) positive stimulus
d) positive reinforcer
24. According to operant conditioning
theory, human behaviour is largely
a) self-determined.
b) undetermined.
c) under the influence of external conditions.
d) a matter of motivation.
25. Glasser believes that everyone
has what he called a __________ in his or her head that holds images of things
that satisfy our needs.
a) picture album
b) cognitive set
c) computer storage device
d) telephone exchange