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TERM
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DEFINITION
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| PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER | when behaviour is either maladaptive for life functioning or when it causes personal discomfort or both |
| BIOLOGICAL MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: | psychological disorders have biochemical/physiological basis |
| PSYCHOANALYTICAL MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: | psychological disorder result of unconscious internal conflicts |
| COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL MODEL of psychological disorders: | psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving |
| DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: | people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder ( those with a diathesis) will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress |
| DIATHESIS: | biological predisposition |
| SYSTEMS APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: | biological, psychological and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders. Also know as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -DSM-IV: | diagnostic manual written by APA which lists mental disorders and their behaviour descriptions |
| MOOD DISORDERS: | disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state, sometimes referred to as affect |
| DEPRESSION: | mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness |
| MANIA: | a mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, and sometimes grandiosity |
| BIPOLAR DISORDER: | a mood disorder where periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood |
| COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS | : an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original event |
| ANXIETY DISORDERS: | anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behaviour |
| SPECIFIC PHOBIAS: | anxiety disorders characterized by intense paralyzing fear of something (excessive and unreasonable) |
| SOCIAL PHOBIA: | anxiety disorder characterized by excessive inappropriate fears connected with social situations or performances in front of others |
| AGORAPHOBIA: | multiple intense fear of crowds, public places, and situations requiring separation from security source such as home or loved one |
| PANIC DISORDER: | anxiety disorder with recurrent panic attacks where person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause |
| GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER: | anxiety disorder where prolonged vague but intense fears not attached to any particular object or circumstance |
| OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: | an anxiety disorder where person driven to think disturbing thoughts and perform senseless rituals |
| POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: | anxiety disorder where hyperarousal, avoidance of situations that recall trauma and reexperiencing of previous trauma |
| PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS: | disorders where there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety |
| SOMATOFORM DISORDERS: | disorders where there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis |
| CONVERSION DISORDERS: | somatoform disorders where dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems |
| HYPOCHODRIASIS: | somatoform disorder where person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence |
| BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER: | a somatoform disorder where person becomes so preoccupied with his/her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible |
| DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER: | some aspect of personality seems separated from the rest |
| DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER | a dissociative disorder whose essential feature is that the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way |
| SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: | loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function |
| PARAPHILIAS: | sexual disorders in which unconventional objects or situations cause sexual arousal |
| FETISHISM: | a paraphilia where a nonhuman object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement |
| PEDOPHILIA | desire to have sexual relations with children as preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement |
| GENDER-IDENTITY DISORDERS: | disorders that involve the desire to become, or the insistence that one is a member of the other biological sex |
| PERSONALITY DISORDERS: | disorders in which inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and /or conflicts with others |
| SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder in which person is withdrawn and lacks feeling to others ( appear vague, distant,in a fog. |
| PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder in which the person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others |
| DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decisions independently and can not tolerate being alone |
| AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder where fear of rejection by others leads to social isolation |
| NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder where person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration |
| BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder with marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships (act impulsively,self-destructive,uncomfortable alone,manipulative) |
| ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: | personality disorder that involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitive behaviour and an inability to feel affection for others (the charming con) |
| SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS: | severe disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications and emotions including delusions and hallucinations |
| INSANITY: | legal term for mentally disturbed who is not responsible for criminal acts |
| HALLUCINATIONS: | sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation |
| DELUSIONS: | false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact |
| DISORGANIZED SCHIZOPHRENIA: | schizophrenic disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviours are common (giggling, grimacing, incoherent) |
| CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: | motor activity is severely disturbed (immobile, mute, impassive, robot like- but may talk and shout continuously) |
| PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA: | schizophrenic disorder marked by extreme suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions (may believe they are famous person ) |
| UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA: | schizophrenic disorder where there are clear schizophrenic symptoms that do not meet criteria of other subtype ( delusions, hallucinations, incoherence |
| ATTENTION DEFICIT /HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER --ADHD: | a childhood disorder characterized by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity |
| AUTISTIC DISORDER: | childhood disorder with lack of social instincts and strange motor behaviour |