| CONSCIOUSNESS: | The continuous stream of perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or sensations of which we are aware from moment to moment-our awareness of various cognitive processes, such as sleeping, dreaming, concentrating, and making decisions |
| WAKING CONSCIOUSNESS | mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert |
|
ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS: |
mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness-daydreaming, sleep, dreaming,hypnosis, meditation,intoxication |
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: | Within each 24 hour period, the regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain body functions-daily cycle |
| REM (paradoxical) SLEEP: | sleep stage with rapid eye movement -most vivid dreams occur-difficult to awaken,paralysis of large muscles, fast/irregular heart rate, increased brain wave activity |
| NON-REM (NREM) SLEEP: | non rapid eye movement stages of sleep that alternate with REM stages during cycle. Non-rapid eye movement sleep has four sleep stages characterized by slow regular respiration and heart rate, an absence of rapid eye movement and blood pressure and brain activity at low point of 24 hour clock |
| SLEEP CYCLE | a cycle of sleep lasting about 90 minutes and including one or more stages of NREM sleep followed by a period of REM sleep |
| SLOW WAVE SLEEP | stages 3 and 4; deep sleep |
| DELTA WAVE SLEEP | the slowest brain-wave pattern; associated with stage 3 and 4 |
| STAGE 4 SLEEP | the deepest NREM stage of sleep, characterized by EEG of more than 50% delta waves |
| MICROSLEEP: | a momentary lapse from wakefulness into sleep usually occurring when a person is sleep deprived |
| REM REBOUND: | the increased amount of sleep that comes after REM deprivation; often associated with unpleasant dreams or nightmares |
| REM DREAMS | dreamlike story quality dream that occurs continuously during REM; vivid, visual, emotional, bizarre |
| NREM DREAMS: | Mental activity during NREM more thought like than REM dream |
| SENSORY DEPRIVATION: | extreme reduction of sensory stimulation |
| PARASOMNIAS | Sleep disturbances where behaviours and physiological states that normally occur only during the waking state take place during sleep or the transition from sleep to wakefulness |
| SOMNABULISM: | Sleepwalking that occurs during partial arousal from stage 4 sleep |
| SLEEP TERROR | A sleep disturbance where a person partially awakens from stage 4 sleep with a scream, in a dazed, groggy, racing heart, panicky state |
| NARCOLEPSY | a serious sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep usually 10-20 minutes-usually has triggers |
| SLEEP APNEA: | a sleep disorder characterized by periods when breathing stops during sleep and person must awaken briefly to breathe; major symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snoring |
| INSOMNIA: | sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep or by light restless or poor sleep, causing distress and impaired daytime function |
| MEDITATION | any of various methods of concentration, reflection or focusing of thoughts to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system -lowers rate of metabolism,heart and respiratory system |
| HYPNOSIS: | trance like state in which a person responds readily to suggestions |
| PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS | chemical substances that change moods and perceptions |
| SUBSTANCE ABUSE | a pattern of drug abuse that diminishes the ability to fulfil responsibilities at home, work or school that results in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use |
| SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE | a pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms or other specific symptoms for at least a year |
| DOUBLE-BLIND PROCEDURE | study where neither researcher or subject knows which subjects are receiving an active drug and which are receiving an inactive substitute (placebo). |
| DEPRESSANTS | chemicals that slow down behaviour or cognitive processes-alcohol, barbiturates, opiates-SLANG NAME DOWNERS |
| BARBITURATES | potentially deadly depressants first used as sedative and anti convulsant now used for epilepsy arthritis |
| OPIATES | drugs such as opium and heroin derived from opium poppy that dull senses and induce euphoria, well being relaxation-also includes synthetic derivatives |
| NARCOTICS | derived from the opium poppy, a class of depressant drugs that have pain relieving calming effects |
| HEROIN | A highly addictive partly synthetic narcotic derived from morphine |
| STIMULANTS | drugs including amphetamines and cocaine that stimulate sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of optimism and energy SLANG NAME UPPERS |
| AMPHETAMINES | stimulant drugs producing rush of euphoria followed by crash and depression |
| COCAINE | drug derived from cocoa plant produces euphoria by stimulating sympathetic nervous system leads to anxiety depression and addictive craving |
| HALLUCINOGENS | drugs such s LSD and mescaline that distort visual and auditory perception (peyote,PCP) |
| LSD | Lysergic acid diethylamide: hallucinogenic drug produces hallucinations and delusions similar to psychotic state |
| CRACK | The most potent, inexpensive and addictive form of cocaine, smoked |
| CRASH | Feelings of depression, exhaustion, irritability and anxiety following an amphetamine, cocaine or crack high |
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copyright 2003Karen E.Hamilton