| MOTIVE | a specific need desire or want such as hunger, thirst, achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behaviors |
| EMOTION | feeling such as fear, joy or surprise that underlies behavior |
| INSTINCTS | in born, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of a species |
| DRIVE | state of tension or arousal brought on by biological needs |
| DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY | motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and returning the body to homeostasis |
| HOMEOSTASIS | state of balance and stability in which organism functions effectively |
| INCENTIVES | external stimulus that prompts goal-directed behavior |
| INTRINSIC MOTIVATION | a desire to perform a behavior that originates within individual |
| EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION | desire to perform to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment |
| PRIMARY DRIVES | physiologically based unlearned motive such as hunger thirst, sex, common to all animals |
| SET POINT | a homeostatic mechanism in the body that regulates metabolism, fat storage and food intake so as to maintain a preprogrammed weight |
| ANOREXIA NERVOSA | eating disorder associated with intense fear of weight gain and distorted body image |
| BULIMIA | eating disorder characterized by binges of eating followed by self-induced vomiting |
| STIMULUS MOTIVES | unlearned motive, such as curiosity or contact, that prompts us to explore or change the world around us. curiosity, exploration, manipulation and contact |
| ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE | the need to excel to overcome obstacles; a social motive -varies person to person |
| POWER MOTIVE | the need to win recognition or to influence or control other people or groups, a social motive |
| AFFILIATION MOTIVE | the need to be with others; a social motive |
| YERKES-DODSON LAW | states that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates |
| JAMES-LANGE THEORY | states that stimuli cause physiological changes in our bodies, and emotions result from those physiological changes |
| CANNON-BARD THEORY | states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes |
| COGNITIVE THEORY | states that emotional experience depends on one's perception or judgment of the situation one is in |
| DISPLAY RULES | culture specific rules that govern how, when, and why facial expressions of emotions are displayed |
| PLUTCHIK'S EIGHT CATEGORIES OF EMOTION | basic emotions; fear,surprise, sadness, disgust,anger, anticipation, joy and acceptance-emotions adjacent to each other are more similar than those across from it-different emotions combine to form more complex emotions |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | from bottom up: physiological needs,safety needs, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization |