La klubo provizos ion por manøi. Se vi volas kontribui iun dolæajon, aý speciala¼on, ne hezitu fari tion . . sed ne alportu tro! Se vi jam scias ke vi venos sciigu al Lunjo por helpi al þi plani.
We will celebrate the 143rd anniversary of the birth of Dr. Ludovic Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto, Saturday 21st December (six days late!), at 77 Carleton Street, Toronto in the Party Room (the same room used for official club meetings). You can arrive at 2pm, and stay as late as midnight (if you like).
The club will provide food, but if you wish to contribute something, feel free to do so . . but not too much! If you already know that you will attend, please inform Kathy to help her to plan.
You no doubt remember that TIO=that (thing), and TIU=that (person, or mentioned thing).
Tio estas libro= That is a book. Tiu libro estas mia (libro). = That book is mine.
No problem there - but English also uses the word THAT for another purpose, as a conjunction, a word which joins two phrases or clauses in a sentence. They both contain a verb, and the one introduced by that gives some information relating to the main clause. Esperanto uses the word KE for this.
Mi rimarkis, ke vi rigardis la libron = I noticed that you looked at the book.
During the last couple of years, I have heard several good, experienced, North American speakers using ke intead of kiun. The word "that" has been used, or misused, for so long as a substitute for "who/whom" and "which" in English, that it is now accepted as correct. It is not correct in Esperanto.
"The book that I gave (to) you" translates into Esperanto as "La libro kiun mi donis al vi". The English phrase could be better expressed as "The book which I gave to you". It is absolutely incorrect to use the word ke when expressing this in Esperanto.
More examples of sentences in which it is NOT correct to use ke:
The book that I read / The book which I read = La libro kiun mi legis
The man that you saw / The man who(m) you saw = La viro kiun vi vidis
I remember the time that / I remember the time
when = Mi memoras la tempon kiam . . ( or better: la
okazon kiam . .)
Never, absolutely NEVER, say "la tempo ke . . " or "la libro ke . . "
RULE:If a correlative word, such as WHO(M), WHICH, WHEN, in place of THAT, still gives the correct meaning, then it is not a conjunction, and is not translated by KE.
KE always translates into "that" in English, but the reverse is not true. As you know, when translating from any language into Esperanto, you must be careful to translate the correct meaning of a word which has more than one meaning.
Let us be careful not to start creating an English-speakers dialect of Esperanto!
Ken Price
This article is slightly modified since it first appeared in Esperanto-USA, summer 2002